英语单词
involved——名词后,相当于relevant, connected withinvolved——名词前,相当于complicated《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第358页The amount of money involved is quite small (involved= relevant外语>初高英语
13个形容老师的英文单词|13个形容词前置与后置的不同含义(如responsible)

    involved——名词后,相当于relevant, connected with


involved——名词前,相当于complicated

《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第358页

The amount of money involved is quite small. (involved= relevant)

涉及的金额非常小。

It’s a rather involved story. (involved= complicated) 这是个情节曲折的故事。

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第202页

It was a very involved (= complicated) explanation. 这是一项非常复杂的说明。

The boy involved (= connected with this) has left. 该男孩已离去。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1029页involved词条


involved卷入的;参与的

We never managed to get anything done, simply because of the large number of people involved.

我们从未办成过一件事,只因为参加的人太多。

involved必须做的;必须投入的

There is quite a lot of work involved. 有许多工作要做。

Let me explain some of the principles involved. 让我解释一下有关的原则。

She had no real understanding of the problems involved. 她对涉及的问题并不真正了解。


involved非常复杂的

We had long, involved discussions. 我们进行了长时间纷繁复杂的讨论。

The problem’s a little bit more involved than I suggested. 这问题比我所说的更为复杂一些。


2.concerned——名词前,相当于worried,意为“忧虑的”

concerned——名词后,相当于relevant, responsible,意为“相关的、负责的”

《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第358页

The person concerned is out today. I’m afraid. (concerned= relevant)

恐怕相关的那个人今天不在。

A number of concerned people have joined the protest. (concerned= worried)

许多担心的人参加了抗议。

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第202页

The concerned (= worried) doctor rang for an ambulance.

心情焦虑的医生打电话叫救护车。

The doctor concerned (= responsible) is on holiday. 主管医师在休假。


3.elect——名词前:被选出的

elect——名词后:当选而尚未就职的;候任的

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第203页

This elect (= specially chosen) body meets once a year.

这一选出的机构每年举行一次会议。

The president elect (= who has been elected) takes over in May.

当选主席将于5月份接任。

《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第691页elect词条adj.

elect adj. always used after a noun(总用于名词之后)当选而尚未就职的;候任的

the government elect候任州长

常带连字符:the president-elect候任总统

an elected official选出的官员


4.opposite——名词前,意为谈论双方事物的“对立的,相对的”

opposite——名词后,意为面对着说话人/听者时“对面的”

《牛津英语用法指南》第三版第15页

当谈论一对事物中的两方自然地彼此面对或相对立时,就把形容词opposite放在名词前面。

I think the picture would look better on theopposite wall.

我想这张画挂在对面墙上的话看起来会好些。

She went off in the opposite direction. 她往相反的方向走了。

I’ve got exactly the opposite opinion to yours. 我的意见和你的正相反。

His brother was fighting on the opposite side. 他兄弟当时正为另一方战斗。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1356页opposite词条


opposite对面的;远程的

on the opposite side of the street在街的对面

Ellen and Hooper were sitting at opposite ends of the couch.

埃伦和胡珀坐在长沙发的两端。

She burst in through the opposite door. 她从对面的门闯了进来。

opposite截然相反的;完全不同的

I wanted to impress them but probably had the opposite effect.

我想给他们留下深刻的印象,但很可能效果正相反。

two opposite ways of improving it对它加以改进的两种完全不同的方法

Paul turned and walked in the opposite direction. 保罗转过身朝相反的方向走去。

Sherlock Holmes took the opposite point of view. 夏洛克 福尔摩斯持相反的观点。

当opposite的意思是“面对说话人或听者”或者“面对已经提到过的人或地点”时,就要放在名词的后面。

I noticed that the man opposite was staring at me.

我注意到对面那个男人正盯着我看。

(不能说:…the opposite man was staring at me.)

You can see the cinema programmes on the notice opposite.

你可以看对面布告上的电影安排表。

The man she was looking for was in the shop directly opposite.

她在找的那个人在正对面的商店里。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1356页opposite词条


opposite在…的对面;在对面

The man opposite lifts down her case. 对吗的那个男人把她的箱子提了起来。


5.present——名词前,相当于now,指时间“现在的,目前的”

present——名词后,相当于there,意为“在场的,不缺席的”

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第202页

Present employees (= those currently employed) number 3 000. 现有雇员3 000人。

Employees present (= those here now) should vote on the issue.

在场的雇员应该对这一问题举行表决。

《牛津英语用法指南》第三版第15页

present用在名词之前,是指时间;用在名词之后,意思是“在场”、“不缺席”。试比较:

the present members (= those who are members now) 现在的成员

the members present (= those who are /were at the meeting) 在座的各位成员


6.proper——名词前,相当于correct,意为“真正的,实际的”

proper——名词后,相当于itself,意为“严格意义上的,本身的”

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第202页

It was a proper (= correct) question. 这是一个恰当的问题。

The question proper (= itself) has not been answered. 问题本身没有得到回答。

《牛津英语用法指南》第三版第15页

proper用在名词之前,意思是“真正的”;用在名词之后,指的是某物的主体或主要部分。

试比较:

Snowdon’s a proper mountain, not a hill. 斯诺登是一座真正的高山,而不是小山丘。

After two days marching through the foothills, they reached the mountain proper.

他们在山麓丘陵走了两天之后,才真正抵达了那座大山。


7.responsible——名词前,相当于sensible

responsible——名词后,相当于whose fault it is

《朗文英语语法》(L. G. 亚历山大编著) 第202页

Janet is a responsible girl. (= She has a sense of duty.)

珍妮特是一个有责任心的姑娘。

Thegirl responsible (= who can be blamed) was expelled.

负有责任的那个姑娘被开除了。

《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第358页

What would be the responsible course of action? (responsible= sensible)

什么是可靠的做法?

The person responsible for the mistake has been fired. (responsible = whose fault it is)

对错误有责任的那个人已被解雇。


8.adopted与adoptive

adopted被领养的;被采用的:adopted son养子;adopted words外来语

adoptive领养他人的:adoptive father养父

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第25页adopt词条

adopted被收养的

The parents of adopted children have special problems.

收养儿童的义父母们会遇到一些特殊问题。

adopted归化的;被采用的

…Otto’s devotion to his adopted country. …奥托对他所归化国家的忠诚。


9.interested表语、定语含义不同

《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1100页interested

interested表语时:关心的;感兴趣的;有兴趣的;愿意的;渴望的

interested定语时:相关的,常用于an interested party相关人员(或团体)

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1016页interested词条

interested有利害关系的;有关的

We talked to a group of scientists who know about this work, and other interested parties.

我们跟了解这项工作的一批科学家以及其他有关方面谈过了。

We shall be consulting 180 interested bodies. 我们将向180个有关团体咨询。


10.due名词前作定语时,含义也有所不同

《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第630页due词条

due(不用于名词前)预定的;预期的;应支付的;到期的

due(仅用于名词前)按照标准的;按照规定的;应有的;充分的

due(通常不用于名词前)赢得的

in due course(正式)在适当的时候

with (all) due respect恕我冒昧;恕我直言

due date预定日期(如预定付款日期或孕妇的预产期等)

due to由于,因为


11.absent两种不同的前置定语含义

《英汉多功能学习词典》第7页absent词条

absent(通常用于名词前)(正式)心不在焉的,漫不经心的

give a person an absent look不在意(茫然)地看某人一眼

《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第6页absent词条

absent缺席的;不在场的(可作表语或定语)

They were talking about absent friends. (= friends who were not there)

他们当时在谈论着不在场的朋友们。

an absent father who is not home most of the time.

大部分时间都不在家的父亲

absent(总是用于名词前)心不在焉的;注意力不集中的(仅作定语)

He made an absent reply to her question as he continued to watch the TV.

他看着电视漫不经心地回答了她的问题。

There was an absent (=distracted) look on her face. 她看起来心不在焉。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第6页absent词条

absent(指行为或表情)茫然的

an absent stare茫然的呆视


12.overseas名词前后作定语,意义完全不同

《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第1559页overseas词条

overseas: adj. adv.在海外(的);从国外来(的);到国外(的)

We need to open up overseas markets. 我们需要开拓海外市场。

There are a lot of overseas studentsin Cambridge. 剑桥有许多外国留学生。

Many more people go/travel/live work overseas these days.

如今有更多的人出国/出国旅游/在国外生活/在国外工作。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第1874页overseas词条

overseas(在)海外的;(在)国外的

He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas trip.

他结束了漫长的海外旅行回到南非。

…overseas trade figures海外贸易额

overseas(学生、游客等)来自海外的,来自外国的

Every year nine million overseas visitors come to London.

每年有900万外国旅客在伦敦观光。

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第1801页overseas

overseas(仅用于名词前)来自海外的,外国来的

overseas students外国留学生

overseas investment海外投资


13.aware表语、定语,含义有所不同

《剑桥英语用法词典》第76页aware词条

aware这个词很久以来一直像其他来自盎格鲁—撒克逊语的带前缀a-的词一样,作表语性形容词。这个词的语法功能的变化以修饰语的出现为标记,例如:fully aware(完全意识到)、hardly less politically aware(从政治上几乎同样意识到),表明这个词近似于《英语语法大全》(1985)所谓的“中心”形容词。

这一演变的进一步标记是它在美国英语中作定语,例如来自CCAE的例子:an aware parent(明智的父/母)、an aware and educated population(有觉悟的、教育程度良好的人)。

伯奇菲尔德(1997)肯定了这一趋势在英国英语中也存在。

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第145页aware词条

aware(不用于名词前)意识到的,明白的,知道的——仅作表语

aware有…的意识的——通常是“副词+aware”结构,后可接名词。

political/ socially/ environmentally etc. aware

the socially aware novels of Dickens 狄更斯具有社会意识的小说

We should promote environmentally aware and responsible science.


我们应该推动有环保意识和对环境负责的科学。

《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第17页名词之后的形容词

形容词一般不置于名词之后,以下介绍一些例外情况。

以下几个形容词置于名词之前或之后,意思不变。


affected, available, required, suggested

Newspapers were the only available source of information.

报纸是唯一可以获取信息的渠道。

…the number of teachers available. ……现有的教师人数


13个形容老师的英文单词|13个形容词前置与后置的不同含义(如responsible)

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